Nouns (Gender)

Your grandfather, father, uncle and brother belong to the masculine gender.

Your grandmother, mother, aunt and sister belong to the feminine gender.

• Here are some masculine and feminine nouns for persons :
  

  Masculine	Feminine
  brother	sister
  emperor	empress
  father	mother
  man	woman
  king	queen
  actor	actress
  headmaster	headmistress
  son	daughter
  uncle	aunt
  author	authoress

  
  
• Here are some masculine and feminine nouns for male and female animals :
  

  Masculine	Feminine
  bull	cow
  dog	bitch
  fox	vixen
  gander	goose
  lion	lioness
  tiger	tigress
  cock or rooster	hen
  buck	doe
  drake	duck
  tiger	tigress
  horse	mare
  peacock	peahen

• Here are some masculine and feminine nouns for persons :
  

  Masculine	Feminine
  milkman	milkmaid
  landlord	landlady
  grandfather	grandmother
  washerman	washerwoman

There are some nouns that have no gender, such as table, umbrella, etc. These nouns are in the neuter gender. All non-living things are in the neuter gender.

Certain nouns such as child, baby, doctor, artist, parent, teacher, player, etc., can be used for both male and female. These nouns are said to be in the common gender.

Nouns (Possession)

Possession means that something belongs to someone.

Examples :

• The car of my uncle is red in colour.
  (or) My uncle's car is red in colour.
• This is my teacher's bag.
  (or) This bag belongs to my teacher.

Nouns (Number)

A noun that refers to one person, place, animal or thing is called a singular noun.

Examples :

Chair, book, toy, mat, shelf, vurtain, clock, etc.

A noun that refers to more than one person, place or thing is called a plural noun.

Examples :

Chairs, books, toys, mats, shelves, curtains, clocks, etc.

Read the rules to convert singular nouns into plural nouns :

Rules	Examples
Add -s	desk - desks chair - chairs book - books
Add -es to nouns ending in -s, -z, -x, -sh, -ch	walrus - walruses brush - brushes
Add -s to nouns ending in a vowel +y	key - keys toy - toys
Add -es to nouns ending in a consonant + y after changing -y to -i	lady - ladies body - bodies
Add -es to nouns ending in o	potato - potatoes
Add -es to nouns ending in -f or -fe after changing f/fe to v	scarf - scarves wife - wives

• There are some nouns which do not follow these rules to change into the plural form. These nouns change completely in the plural form.

  • man - men
  • goose - geese
  • child - children

• Some nouns do not change their spelling in the plural form.

  • sheep - sheep
  • deer - deer

Nouns

The name of a person, place, animal or thing is called a noun.

Common Nouns

Names commonly used for person, animal, thing and place are common nouns.

We can call with the same name to the person, animal, thing and place of the same kind and class.

• The teacher teaches the boys and girls.
• Lion, tiger and elephant are the wild animals.
• I like to eat mango, apple and banana.

Proper Nouns

Proper nouns are called the particular names of persons, animals, things or places.

We cannot call anyone or anything by that particular names.

Proper nouns always start with capital letters.

The names of the months, days, festivals are also proper nouns.

Examples :

• Mrs. Bhawna is my teacher. (Person's name)
• Erawat is a famous elephant. (Animal's name)
• Alphonso is my favourite mango. (Thing's name)
• My mother always goes to GPS Mall for shopping. (Name of place)

Collective Nouns

A collective noun is the name of a collection or group of persons, animals or things.

The group should be of the same kind of persons, animals or things.

Examples :

• I saw a litter of puppies.
• I bought a bouquet of flowers.

Here are some more examples :

• a class of students
• a bunch of grapes
• a flock of birds
• a library of books
• a herd of cows
• a swarm of bees
• a crew of sailors
• a gang of thieves
• a team of players